Amber: Amber is not literally a stone, although we often treat it as one. It is actually fossilized resin or tree sap, and often contains visible fragments of insects. To test if amber is real and not a plastic imitation, pour salt into warm water until it will hold no more salt. If the beads float, they are most likely amber. Amber floats in salt water, while plastic sinks.

Amethyst: Named by the ancient Greeks, this is one of the best known gemstones. Ancient Greeks believed that Bacchus (the god of wine) gave it its name after pouring wine over a woman the goddess Diane had turn to stone. Its name originally meant "not drunk" and the ancients believed that anyone wearing this stone was unable to become drunk.

Aventurine: In its green form, aventurine looks similar to jade. In fact, ancient Chinese held it in higher esteem than green jade (which also comes in many colors) and carved bowls, vases and other ornamental objects from this stone. In ancient times, even the imperial seal was carved from aventurine.

Bloodstone: Bloodstone varies from green to red and brown. It is named bloodstone because the color of the stone resembles blood drops.

Carnelian: For centuries, carnelian was used for insignia seals because it does not stick to wax. It is said to bring the wearer good luck. "Favoured by the Arabic peoples, the Carnelian is one of the stones of Kings. The rich, warm colour of the stone has often linked it to the energies associated with fire. Projective, proactive energy, the beast of fire being the Lion, the King. It is also a stone to lend courage to those in need, and very helpful to wear whilst speaking publicly (roaring)" (Baird "Gem Lore 2"). FOR MORE ON CARNELIAN, Click.

Citrine: This stone is close relative of amethyst, and in fact, citrine can be created by heating amethyst. The ancient Greeks and Romans wore citrine as a talisman and thought that it aided in digestion and cleansed the body of toxins. It also symbolized lightheartedness and joy.

Garnet: When worn on the body, garnets are believed to protect from skin disease. Garnets are also an important symbol of fidelity, faithfulness and protection. Supposedly, they lose their brilliance when danger approaches. These stones were considered so powerful that armies often imbedded them in their arrows so they would fly straight into their enemies’ hearts.

Hematite: Hematite is said the keep the wearer grounded, so it is a good stone for people who tend to be absentminded.

Jasper: Jasper comes in numerous colors and with a variety of markings. It is mostly commonly recognized in its red form, although it can be black, brown, or even green. This stone is said to help ward off bad dreams, to help control bleeding, and to help with pregnancy.

Jet Glass: This coal derivative and its cousin, faux jet, were originally formed into beads during Queen Victoria’s mourning. When their husbands were away working or fighting, Irish women burned jet to protect bring them home.

Labradorite: This stone is related to opals and moonstones, as evidenced by its iridescence. It is believed to help the wearer find their true self, and to make them feel at home, whatever the situation.

Lapis Lazuli: This stone has so much lore associated with it, it is impossible to describe in a few sentences. Egyptians wore ground lapis as eyeshadow. Kings believed that sharpening their weapons with Lapis would make them invincible. People believe that the wearer of lapis carries God in them and that this stone gives the wearer an uncanny ability to see truth.

Malachite: Ancient peoples believed this stone was alive and fed it water and iron filings once a week. Later people took it to Mass, believing it drove the devil out. It is also believed to ease sadness, help improve memory, and to relieve arthritis pain in the extremities.

Moonstone: This is the lowest grade of opal. When worn on the neck, moonstone is thought to protect from epilepsy and sunstroke, and is used to cure headaches and nosebleeds. In India, the moonstone is still a sacred gem. It is the symbol of the "third eye," or our higher consciousness.

Peridot: Peridot has been believed to cure liver disease. It also is said the free the mind from envious thoughts. Its magical power is best released when used with gold. Tiger Eye: This stone is often associated with courage and persistence. Topaz: Its name comes from Sanskrit "tapas", to glow.

Turquoise: Turquoise is generally blue or green and may or may not contain dark lines or sections known as matrix. Turquoise is believed to protect from poison, and reptiles. People have adorned their horses with turquoise to protect them from falling. The Navajos believe turquoise protects from evil and embed the stones in their Hogans.